20190716 12014600 1.0 FGDC CSDGM Metadata FALSE Nat_UndevelopedUnprotected 002 265564.890900 331344.037100 804530.075700 871541.068500 1 Projected GCS_North_American_1983 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) NAD_1983_StatePlane_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001 <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/2.5.0'><WKT>PROJCS["NAD_1983_StatePlane_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Lambert_Conformal_Conic"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",200000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",750000.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-71.5],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",41.71666666666667],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_2",42.68333333333333],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",41.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",26986]]</WKT><XOrigin>-36530900</XOrigin><YOrigin>-28803200</YOrigin><XYScale>10000</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>26986</WKID><LatestWKID>26986</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 20200817 11434200 20200817 11434200 50000 5000 FGDC Esri ArcGIS 12.5.0.22081 Cape_Landcover_Landuse_poly3 from Land Cover / Land Use (2016) 2019-05-15T00:00:00 MassGIS One Ashburton Place, Room 819 Boston MA 02108 US 617-619-5611 MassGIS 1 -70.714919 -69.912475 42.091538 41.480049 The statewide dataset contains a combination of land cover mapping from 2016 aerial imagery and land use derived from standardized assessor parcel information for Massachusetts. This feature is a sub-set of that data. TOWN_ID was used to select the 15 towns of Cape Cod and export the data to be Cape_Landcover_Landuse_poly2. The features that were located mostly off-shore (extra_landcover) were combined with the exported polygons that had town_id's. Further edits were conducted to remove polygons that extended beyond the Barnstable County border. <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>This statewide dataset contains a combination of land cover mapping from 2016 aerial imagery and land use derived from standardized assessor parcel information for Massachusetts. Each location in this layer is associated with a land cover class value as well as a parcel use codeAlthough both land cover and land use information are included, each of these aspects can be accessed independently, or in interesting and useful combinations with one another. For instance, a user can simply display impervious surfaces (land cover), or commercial parcels (land use). In combination, it is possible to display and measure the portions of the commercial parcels that are covered by impervious surfaces or the portions of residential parcels used as developed open space.This layer is the result of a cooperative project between MassGIS and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Office of Coastal Management (OCM). Funding was provided by the Mass. Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs.MassGIS stores the data as a single statewide polygon feature class named LANDCOVER_LANDUSE_POLYin the spatial reference of NAD_1983_Contiguous_USA_Albers (EPSG: 5070).Data developmentThe following sections describe the development and features of the two components, land cover and land use, as well as the final combined dataset.Land coverThe thematic land cover dataset was created in raster format by NOAA's Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP). C-CAP has produced numerous standardized land cover products which are included in the National Land Cover Database. These products are used in numerous ways to assess urban growth, inventory wetlands, coastal intertidal areas, and adjacent uplands, and delineate wildlife habitat to monitor changes in these areas. This information helps in the understanding of the landscape's response to natural and human-caused changes. OCM worked in close coordination with MassGIS to produce the land cover. OCM delivered the data to MassGIS in an Albers projection.2016 NAIP imagery This 2016 land cover information was initially developed as a 1-meter, 6-category draft raster derived from 2016 USDA National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial multispectral imagery. Classes were impervious, bare, grass, shrub, tree, and water. Additional reference data were used to create this 19-class version, including: 2016 WorldView multispectral satellite imagery, lidar-based terrain elevation data, 2016-era 2D structures data, and other ancillary data such as MassDOT Roads, MassDEP Wetlands, etc. The wetlands in the final land cover product are exclusively from the C-CAP program and will differ from the MassDEP Wetlands data.The land cover information in this product is consistent with C-CAP’s High-Resolution Land Cover Classification Scheme (PDF). Also see General information about C-CAP High-Resolution Land Cover.Land useThe land use component of the data layer is represented by the Property Type Classification Code associated with each parcel in MassGIS' Standardized "Level 3" Parcels layer. These "use codes" come from the Mass. Department of Revenue Division of Local Services (DLS), along with custom use codes some municipalities include in their parcel data.For this project, MassGIS created a parcel layer using data deliverables as close as possible to the time of the 2016 NAIP imagery used for the land cover. Since parcel data complying with Level 3 of the MassGIS standard was not available from every municipality for the year 2016, some information was selected from a different year to use data as close to 2016 as possible, with the following rules:If Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 data was available, it was used. Otherwise, data was used from other years in the following order: 2017 (+1), 2015 (-1), 2018 (+2), 2014 (-2), 2013 (-3), 2012 (-4), 2011 (-5). Fiscal year values were retained in the final product to help indicate relative reliability of the USECODE.MassGIS merged these parcel data into one feature class and dissolved them based on these fields: USE_CODE: Use code from DOR DLS, along with custom use codes some municipalities include in their parcel data.FY: Fiscal year POLY_TYPE: Parcel type (FEE, TAX, ROW, WATER, PRIV_ROW, RAIL_ROW)TOWN_ID: Town ID (1-351) GEN_CODE: Generalized use code chosen by MassGIS for this project to simplify the 1,600+ USE_CODEs for map display. Combined Land Cover – Land Use DataFor efficient processing and distribution, MassGIS split up the statewide land cover raster into 291 smaller, regularly sized and spaced tiles, each 10km by 10km (10,000 x 10,000 pixels).The Create Fishnet tool produced a polygon index that precisely fit the tiles. The tiles were identified with a TILENAME value based on row and column position. For example, TILENAME “R07C17” identifies the tile in row 7, column 17. The index is named LANDCOVER_USE_INDEX_POLY. Aside from TILENAME, the other field is SHP_LINK, which stores a link to download a zipped land cover-land use shapefile for each tile.Each land cover image was converted to a polygon shapefile using a Raster to Shapefile model in ERDAS IMAGINE. This method preserves the thematic attributes and simplifies the polygons very slightly.MassGIS carried out the following steps in ArcGIS 10.6.1: <UL><LI>Reprojected the land use polygons from Massachusetts State Plane to the same Albers projection of the land cover.</LI><LI>Used the Identity tool to geometrically combine the land cover polygons with the dissolved parcel data to produce a land cover-land use feature class for each tile.</LI><LI>Checked and repaired the geometry of the Identity output.</LI><LI>Converted all multipart polygons to single-part polygons in the Identity output.</LI></UL>The Identity created numerous very small polygons because the two components (land cover and land use) were not spatially correlated. To preserve the input data, MassGIS decided not to eliminate polygons or perform any other cartographic refinement at this point. Users can easily perform these operations if desired.As part of final QA, MassGIS modified the attributes of a small number of polygons with erroneous land cover or generalized land use codes, including a few right-of-way polygons in Boston that did not have the correct USEGENCODE of 55.</DIV></DIV></DIV> The land cover dataset was created in raster format by the Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM). C-CAP has produced numerous standardized land cover products which are included in the National Land Cover Database. Parcel data are developed at the municipal level and compiled and standardized by MassGIS. Funding was provided by the Mass. Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. land cover land use Cape Cod Barnstable County residential impervious commercial wetland forest mixed use parcel water NAD83 state plane meters MassGIS One Ashburton Place, Room 819 Boston MA 02108 US 617-619-5611 MassGIS Data set is not for use in litigation. While efforts have been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the state of the art, NOAA, cannot assume liability for any damages, or misrepresentations, caused by any inaccuracies in the data, or as a result of the data to be used on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV>Data set is not for use in litigation. While efforts have been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the state of the art, NOAA, cannot assume liability for any damages, or misrepresentations, caused by any inaccuracies in the data, or as a result of the data to be used on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.Users must assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data.</DIV></DIV></DIV> Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords Earth Science,Land Surface,Land Use/Land Cover,Land Use/Land Cover Classification File Geodatabase Feature Class MassGIS One Ashburton Place, Room 819 Boston MA 02108 US 617-619-5611 Visit https://docs.digital.mass.gov/dataset/massgis-data-2016-land-coverland-use for access to data download. MassGIS Shapefile and file geodatabase dataset EPSG 2.1(3.0.1) 0 Simple FALSE 0 TRUE FALSE Nat_UndevelopedUnprotected Feature Class 0 OBJECTID OBJECTID OID 4 0 0 Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. COVERNAME Land Cover Name String 50 0 0 Land cover class name C-CAP Impervious Anthropogenic features such as buildings, parking lots and roads developed from asphalt, concrete or other constructed surfaces which do not allow infiltration from precipitation. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Developed Open Space Areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly managed grasses or low-lying vegetation planted in developed areas for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes. These areas are maintained by human activity such as fertilization and irrigation, are distinguished by enhanced biomass productivity, and can be recognized through vegetative indices based on spectral characteristics. Constructed surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total land cover. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Cultivated Land Areas intensely managed for the production of annual crops. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Pasture/Hay Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle and not tilled. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Grassland Areas dominated by grammanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80 percent of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling but can be utilized for grazing. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Deciduous Forest Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall and greater than 20 percent of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Evergreen Forest Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall and greater than 20 percent of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Mixed Forest Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20 percent of total vegetation cover. Neither deciduous nor evergreen species are greater than 75 percent of total tree cover. Both coniferous and broad-leave evergreens are included in this category. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Scrub/Shrub Areas dominated by shrubs less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class includes tree shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage, or trees stunted from environmental conditions. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Palustrine Forested Wetland Tidal and nontidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland Tidal and nontidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation less than 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. Species present could be true shrubs, young tree and shrubs, or trees that are small or stunted due to environmental conditions. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Palustrine Emergent Wetland All tidal wetlands dominated by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes (excluding mosses and lichens). These wetlands occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent and are present for most of the growing season in most years. Total vegetation cover is greater than 80 percent. Perennial plants usually dominate these wetlands. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Estuarine Forested Wetland Tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland Tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation less than 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Estuarine Emergent Wetland All tidal wetlands dominated by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes (excluding mosses and lichens). These wetlands occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent and are present for most of the growing season in most years. Total vegetation cover is greater than 80 percent. Perennial plants usually dominate these wetlands. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Unconsolidated Shore Material such as silt, sand, or gravel that is subject to inundation and redistribution due to the action of water. Substrates lack vegetation except for pioneering plants that become established during brief periods when growing conditions are favorable. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Barren Land Areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits, and other accumulations of earth material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 10 percent of total cover. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Open Water Areas of open water, generally with less than 25 percent cover of vegetation or soil. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Palustrine Aquatic Bed Tidal and nontidal wetlands and deepwater habitats in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent and which are dominated by plants that grow and form a continuous cover principally on or at the surface of the water. These include algal mats, detached floating mats, and rooted vascular plant assemblages. Total vegetation cover is greater than 80 percent. NOAA Office for Coastal Management Estuarine Aquatic Bed Tidal wetlands and deepwater habitats in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent and which are dominated by plants that grow and form a continuous cover principally on or at the surface of the water. These include algal mats, kelp beds, and rooted vascular plant assemblages. Total vegetation cover is greater than 80 percent. NOAA Office for Coastal Management FID_Nat_Undeveloped FID_Nat_Undeveloped Integer 4 0 0 COVERCODE Land Cover Code SmallInteger 2 0 0 Land cover class code C-CAP 2 Impervious NOAA Office of Coastal Management 5 Developed Open Space NOAA Office of Coastal Management 6 Cultivated Land NOAA Office of Coastal Management 7 Pasture/Hay NOAA Office of Coastal Management 8 Grassland NOAA Office of Coastal Management 9 Deciduous Forest NOAA Office of Coastal Management 10 Evergreen Forest NOAA Office of Coastal Management 12 Scrub/Shrub NOAA Office of Coastal Management 13 Palustrine Forested Wetland (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management 14 Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management 15 Palustrine Emergent Wetland (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management 16 Estuarine Forested Wetland (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management 17 Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management 18 Estuarine Emergent Wetland (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management 19 Unconsolidated Shore NOAA Office of Coastal Management 20 Bare Land NOAA Office of Coastal Management 21 Open Water NOAA Office of Coastal Management 22 Palustrine Aquatic Bed (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management 23 Estuarine Aquatic Bed (C-CAP) NOAA Office of Coastal Management USEGENNAME Generalized Use Name String 50 0 0 Generalized land use name based on standardized parcels MassGIS USEGENCODE Generalized Use Code SmallInteger 2 0 0 Generalized land use code based on standardized parcels MassGIS 0 Unknown MassGIS 2 Open land MassGIS 3 Commercial MassGIS 4 Industrial MassGIS 6 Forest MassGIS 7 Agriculture MassGIS 8 Recreation MassGIS 9 Tax exempt MassGIS 10 Mixed use, primarily residential MassGIS 11 Residential - single family MassGIS 12 Residential - multi-family MassGIS 13 Residential - other MassGIS 20 Mixed use, other MassGIS 30 Mixed use, primarily commercial MassGIS 55 Right-of-way MassGIS 88 Water MassGIS USE_CODE Use Code String 4 0 0 Detailed parcel use code from DOR and cities and towns Mass. Department of Revenue Division of Local Services (DLS); Mass. municipalities POLY_TYPE Parcel Type String 15 0 0 Parcel polygon type MassGIS FEE MassGIS A single parcel in fee ownership PRIV_ROW Private right-of-way MassGIS RAIL_ROW Rail right-of-way MassGIS ROW Public right-of-way MassGIS TAX MassGIS Part of mutliple-part parcels associated with a single ownership record. WATER Open water body MassGIS FY Fiscal Year SmallInteger 2 0 0 Fiscal year of parcel data MassGIS TOWN_ID Town ID SmallInteger 2 0 0 City/Town ID (1-351). Polygons with a TOWN_ID of zero are in areas where the land cover occurs offshore. MassGIS TILENAME Tile Name String 6 0 0 Index tile name used for shapefile distribution MassGIS SHAPE Shape Geometry 0 0 0 Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. Shape_Length Shape_Length Double 8 0 0 Length of feature in internal units. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. FID_Nat_ProtectedOpenSpace FID_Nat_ProtectedOpenSpace Integer 4 0 0 LEV_PROT LEV_PROT String 1 0 0 Shape_Area Shape_Area Double 8 0 0 Area of feature in internal units squared. Esri Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. 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617-619-5611 MassGIS According to the accuracy assessment performed by NOAA Office for Coastal Management staff, the overall accuracy of the land cover data is 94.2%. There were 446 total points distributed across the state. The accuracy of each class is as follows (Producer's, User's accuracies): Impervious (93.7%, 96.8%) Open Space Developed (92.3%, 88.9%) Cultivated (100%, 100%) Pasture/Hay (91.7%, 91.7%) Grassland (92.9%, 76.5%) Deciduous Forest (91.1%, 96.5%) Evergreen Forest (96.6%, 93.4%) Shrub/Scrub (96.0%, 100%) Palustrine Forested Wetland (97.1%, 89.2%) Palustrine Shrub/Scrub Wetland (81.8%, 100%) Palustrine Emergent Wetland (95.8%, 88.5%) Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Wetland (N/A, N/A) Estuarine Emergent Wetland (100%, 90.9%) Unconsolidated Shore (88.9%, 100%) Bare Land (100%, 100%) Water (100%, 96.9%) Palustrine Aquatic Bed (91.7%, 100%) Estuarine Aquatic Bed (N/A, N/A) Overall accuracy (94.2%) Points were sampled using a stratified random sampling scheme, with a minimum target sample of 10 points per class. A few of the rarer categories did not meet this minimum threshold target. Estuarine Forested Wetland, Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Wetland, and Estuarine Aquatic Bed Wetland were not sampled at all due to the relatively low total area of those classes. Additionally, Unconsolidated Shore ended up with only 9 sample locations. Ideally, a larger number of samples would have been included. The correct land cover classification was determined through analyst interpretation of the imagery used in creating the map, as well as possible references to Google Earth in order to reference additional dates/seasons of imagery for that location. All points were interpreted by two analysts, plus a third who made a final determination when there was not agreement on the call. All analysts were able to identify both a primary call as well as a fuzzy call when/if the point location caused any level of confusion as to what the land cover category was. Land cover raster data creation The land cover data were created by NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM). Random Forest Classification: The initial 1m spatial resolution 6 class high resolution land cover product was developed using a Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) processing framework. This involves taking each image to be classified and grouping the pixels based on spectral and spatial properties into regions of homogeneity called objects. The resulting objects are the primary units for analysis. Additionally, these objects introduce additional spectral, shape, textural and contextual information into the mapping process and are utilized as independent variables in a supervised classification. Each object is labeled using a Random Forest Classifier which is ensemble version of a Decision Tree. Training data for the initial 6 classes (Herbaceous, Bare, Impervious, Water, Forest and Shrub) were generated through photo interpretation. The resulting Random Forest model was applied to the input data sets to create the initial automated map. Water Refinement: Commission and omission errors associated with the Water class were addressed through manual interpretation and clean up in ERDAS Imagine. Once the review and edits were complete, the refined Water class was incorporated back into the land cover data set. Unconsolidated Shore: Unconsolidated substrate features were extracted primarily through unsupervised classification and manual editing in ERDAS Imagine. This process relied on the USGS Color Orthoimagery (2013/2014) as a primary data source since it was collected at a lower tidal stage relative to other available imagery. Once these features were inserted into the land cover additional object based clean up algorithms were applied. Agriculture: Cultivated land and Pasture/Hay features were incorporated into the grassland category of the initial land cover product through a modeling process which relied on multiple dates of imagery as well as the 2005 statewide land use data set. Manual edits were made based on feedback from local experts. Wetlands: Wetlands were derived through a modeling process which used ancillary data such as Soils (SSURGO), the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) and topographic derivatives. Forest, shrub and grassland objects within the initial land cover that exhibited hydric characteristics based on the input ancillary layers were designated to their appropriate wetland category. The process relied mainly on the NWI to determine palustrine and estuarine distinctions. Open Space Developed: Managed grasses and other low-lying vegetation associated with development were derived using information in the 2005 statewide land use data set. Grassland features in the land cover data that intersected selected land use polygons were designated as Open Space Developed (OSD). To capture OSD features that have appeared since the 2005 land use data was developed, polygons with land use codes that were likely candidates for change were analyzed for the presence of impervious surface based on the 2015 land cover. If the polygon was occupied by a certain percent of impervious surface, the associated grass pixels were changed to Open Space Development. Additional clean-up was performed to remove speckles and slivers. 2018-11-20T00:00:00 NOAA Office for Coastal Management coastal.info@noaa.gov 2234 South Hobson Ave Charleston SC 29405-2413 US (843) 740-1202 Gary Prahm Cape Cod Commission GIS Analyst